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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different types produce different flavors. Learn more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica that is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity, tarter taste profile and are frequently used in blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most well-known coffee in the world and accounts for 75% of the global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are milder and sweeter than Robusta, and they come in different flavors. The flavor and aroma of coffee can be affected by the conditions in which it is grown and the methods of processing used.

The word "coffee" actually comes from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats became energized after eating these fruit, and the cultivation of coffee quickly began to spread throughout the world.

Coffee beans can flourish at high altitudes and flourish in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on the ethical source of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique coffees, which can be used in many different brewing techniques. Blending is a way to control the flavour, aroma as well as body and acidity of the coffee and is often preferred in order to achieve an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most popular type of coffee bean around the world. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants that naturally occur. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process, and can result in undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica and is able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a more cost effective crop to grow.

Although it may sound contradictory the fact is that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you see the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag then it's likely that there's a bit of robusta as well.

Most roasters use a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to reduce costs and maintain quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor you should select the highest quality beans from a reliable source. The best method to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped and are therefore distinct from other coffee bean varieties. They have a distinct aroma that is fruity and floral with smokey undertones. They are often added to other coffee bean varieties to provide an extra, stronger flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They can be grown at low altitudes and tolerate hot, humid climates. They also have a much more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for home-growing. You can purchase seeds from numerous sources. However, it's best to buy the beans from local producers to ensure the highest quality. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils with a pH that is moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different variety of coffee bean. It was initially classified as a distinct species, but it has since been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans with an oval shape are grown on large coffee plants, which can grow to 20-30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their unique flavor is sweet and tart, making them a popular choice for blends made at home. They are also lighter on scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta yet still have a distinctive richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most coveted type of coffee beans Excelsa beans aren't quite so easy to locate as Arabica or Robusta. In fact, they were considered distinct species of coffee until 2006 when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee production. These beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and have a dark, mysterious flavor. They are typically used to give blends additional body and a tangy taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are known for their sweeter taste.  unroasted coffee beans  thrive at higher altitudes and enjoy warm, tropical climates. They also have a little of acidity. If brewed and roasted correctly, they can have notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and makes up around 40 percent of the world's coffee. Robusta beans are smaller and more round however they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have woody and earthy overtones.

After having learned about the four most commonly used types and their characteristics, it's time to select the best brew. If you're looking for a silky, delicate flavor, opt for an arabica bean or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.